Kathleen Mulligan, PhD

Professor

I study the nutritional and metabolic effects of chronic conditions including HIV infection and its therapies, obesity, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes, with a focus on body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, endocrine function, and bone metabolism; and a strong emphasis on treatments and mechanisms. My research has ranged from leading intense inpatient metabolic ward studies to chairing multicenter trials through consortia such as the adult and pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Groups and Adolescent Trials Network.
Honors and Awards
  • Endocrine Society/Pfizer International Award for Excellence in Published Clinical Research, Endocrine Society, 2009-2010
Websites
Publications

  1. Zeng YC, Young OJ, Wintersinger CM, Anastassacos FM, MacDonald JI, Isinelli G, Dellacherie MO, Sobral M, Bai H, Graveline AR, Vernet A, Sanchez M, Mulligan K, Choi Y, Ferrante TC, Keskin DB, Fell GG, Neuberg D, Wu CJ, Mooney DJ, Kwon IC, Ryu JH, Shih WM. Fine tuning of CpG spatial distribution with DNA origami for improved cancer vaccination. Nature nanotechnology 2024. PMID: 38491184


  2. Nuckols TK, Berdahl CT, Henreid AJ, Schnipper JL, Rauf A, Ko EM, Nguyen AT, Co Z, Fanikos J, Kim JH, Leang DW, Matta L, Mulligan K, Ray A, Shane R, Wassef K, Pevnick JM. CComprehensive Pharmacist-led Transitions-of-care Medication Management around Hospital Discharge Adds Modest Cost Relative to Usual Care: Time-and-Motion Cost Analysis. Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing 2023. PMID: 38146178


  3. Gallo Marin B, Ezemma O, Frech FS, Flores Servin JC, Rhee BS, Mulligan KM, O'Connell KA, Moseley I, Wambier CG. An Analysis of Information Sources of YouTube Videos Pertaining to Tattoo Removal: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR dermatology 2022. PMID: 36419716


  4. Yager J, Brooks KM, Brothers J, Mulligan K, Landovitz R, Reirden D, Glenny C, Malhotra M, Anderson PL, Hosek S. Pharmacokinetics of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among Transgender Adolescents and Young Adults Without HIV Receiving Gender Affirming Hormones. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2022. PMID: 35943868


  5. Yager J, Brooks KM, Brothers J, Mulligan K, Landovitz R, Reirden D, Malhotra M, Glenny C, Harding P, Powell T, Anderson PL, Hosek S. Gender-affirming hormone pharmacokinetics among adolescent and young adult transgender persons receiving daily F/TDF. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2022. PMID: 35815468


  6. Olson E, Suh JH, Schwarz JM, Noworolski SM, Jones GM, Barber JR, Erkin-Cakmak A, Mulligan K, Lustig RH, Mietus-Snyder M. Effects of Isocaloric Fructose Restriction on Ceramide Levels in Children with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk: Relation to Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity. AACE Clinical Case Reports 2022. PMID: 35406045


  7. Havens PL, Perumean-Chaney SE, Patki A, Cofield SS, Wilson CM, Liu N, Anderson PL, Landovitz RJ, Kapogiannis BG, Hosek SG, Mulligan K. Changes in Bone Mass After Discontinuation of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Extension Phase Results of Adolescent Trials Network Protocols 110 and 113. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019. PMID: 31179503


  8. Jones GM, Caccavello R, Palii SP, Pullinger CR, Kane J, Mulligan K, Gugliucci A, Schwarz JM. Separation of Postprandial Lipoproteins: Improved Purification of Chylomicrons using an ApoB100 Immunoaffinity Method. Journal of lipid research 2019. PMID: 31888979


  9. Erkin-Cakmak A, Bains Y, Caccavello R, Noworolski SM, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Lustig RH, Gugliucci A. Isocaloric Fructose Restriction Reduces Serum D-Lactate Concentration in Children With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2019. PMID: 30869790


  10. Nanayakkara DD, Sun X, Morris S, Louie S, Mulligan K, Overton T, Asante I, Corado K, Jain S, Dubé MP. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover Markers During HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Emtricitabine in Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2019. PMID: 30907095


  11. Alba D, Wu L, Cawthon PM, Mulligan K, Lang T, Patel S, King NJ, Carter JT, Rogers SJ, Posselt AM, Stewart L, Shoback DM, Schafer AL. Changes in lean mass, absolute and relative muscle strength, and physical performance after gastric bypass surgery. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2019. PMID: 30657952


  12. Havens PL, Tamhane A, Stephensen CB, Schuster GU, Gordon CM, Liu N, Wilson CM, Hosek SG, Anderson PL, Kapogiannis BG, Mulligan K. Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Protective Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations with Bone Toxicity in Adolescent Boys and Young Men Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine for HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. AIDS research and human retroviruses 2018. PMID: 30280906


  13. Havens PL, Long D, Schuster GU, Gordon CM, Price G, Wilson CM, Kapogiannis BG, Mulligan K, Stephensen CB. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate appears to disrupt the relationship of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Antiviral therapy 2018. PMID: 30260797


  14. Glidden DV, Mulligan K, McMahan V, Anderson PL, Guanira J, Chariyalertsak S, Buchbinder SP, Bekker LG, Schechter M, Grinsztejn B, Grant RM. Metabolic Effects of Preexposure Prophylaxis With Coformulated Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2018. PMID: 29415175


  15. Chiu S, Mulligan K, Schwarz JM. Dietary carbohydrates and fatty liver disease: de novo lipogenesis. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 2018. PMID: 29697539


  16. Havens PL, Stephensen CB, Van Loan MD, Schuster GU, Woodhouse LR, Flynn PM, Gordon CM, Pan CG, Rutledge B, Harris DR, Price G, Baker A, Meyer WA, Wilson CM, Hazra R, Kapogiannis BG, Mulligan K. Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Spine Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents and Young Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Being Treated With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2018. PMID: 29020329


  17. Jacobson DL, Lindsey JC, Coull BA, Mulligan K, Bhagwat P, Aldrovandi GM. The Association of Fat and Lean Tissue With Whole Body and Spine Bone Mineral Density Is Modified by HIV Status and Sex in Children and Youth. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2018. PMID: 28817419


  18. Hosek SG, Landovitz RJ, Kapogiannis B, Siberry GK, Rudy B, Rutledge B, Liu N, Harris DR, Mulligan K, Zimet G, Mayer KH, Anderson P, Kiser JJ, Lally M, Brothers J, Bojan K, Rooney J, Wilson CM. Safety and Feasibility of Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis for Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men Aged 15 to 17 Years in the United States. JAMA pediatrics 2017. PMID: 28873128


  19. Glidden DV, Mulligan K, McMahan V, Anderson PL, Guanira J, Chariyalertsak S, Buchbinder SP, Bekker LG, Schechter M, Grinsztejn B, Grant RM. Brief Report: Recovery of Bone Mineral Density After Discontinuation of Tenofovir-Based HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017. PMID: 28639995


  20. Schwarz JM, Clearfield M, Mulligan K. Conversion of Sugar to Fat: Is Hepatic de Novo Lipogenesis Leading to Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Chronic Diseases? The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 2017. PMID: 28759094


  21. Schwarz JM, Noworolski SM, Erkin-Cakmak A, Korn NJ, Wen MJ, Tai VW, Jones GM, Palii SP, Velasco-Alin M, Pan K, Patterson BW, Gugliucci A, Lustig RH, Mulligan K. Effects of Dietary Fructose Restriction on Liver Fat, De Novo Lipogenesis, and Insulin Kinetics in Children With Obesity. Gastroenterology 2017. PMID: 28579536


  22. Lee AP, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Murphy EJ, Weiss EJ. Growth hormone receptor antagonism with pegvisomant in insulin resistant non-diabetic men: A phase II pilot study. F1000Research 2017. PMID: 28713554


  23. Hosek SG, Rudy B, Landovitz R, Kapogiannis B, Siberry G, Rutledge B, Liu N, Brothers J, Mulligan K, Zimet G, Lally M, Mayer KH, Anderson P, Kiser J, Rooney JF, Wilson CM. An HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project and Safety Study for Young MSM. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017. PMID: 27632233


  24. Havens PL, Stephensen CB, Van Loan MD, Schuster GU, Woodhouse LR, Flynn PM, Gordon CM, Pan CG, Rutledge B, Liu N, Wilson CM, Hazra R, Hosek SG, Anderson PL, Seifert SM, Kapogiannis BG, Mulligan K. Decline in Bone Mass With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Is Associated With Hormonal Changes in the Absence of Renal Impairment When Used by HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Boys and Young Men for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016. PMID: 28013265


  25. Ruan A, Tobin NH, Mulligan K, Rollie A, Li F, Sleasman J, Aldrovandi GM. Brief Report: Macrophage Activation in HIV-Infected Adolescent Males Contributes to Differential Bone Loss by Sex: Adolescent Trials Network Study 021. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2016. PMID: 26885808


  26. Gugliucci A, Lustig RH, Caccavello R, Erkin-Cakmak A, Noworolski SM, Tai VW, Wen MJ, Mulligan K, Schwarz JM. Short-term isocaloric fructose restriction lowers apoC-III levels and yields less atherogenic lipoprotein profiles in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2016. PMID: 27451002


  27. Lustig RH, Mulligan K, Noworolski SM, Tai VW, Wen MJ, Erkin-Cakmak A, Gugliucci A, Schwarz JM. Isocaloric fructose restriction and metabolic improvement in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2015. PMID: 26499447


  28. Amin TS, Shenton S, Mulligan K, Wedderburn LR, Wood M, VanRooyen V, Leone V. Strategies for the prevention and management of methotrexate-related nausea and vomiting in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a UK Paediatric Rheumatology prescriber survey. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2015. PMID: 26209331


  29. Mulligan K, Glidden DV, Anderson PL, Liu A, McMahan V, Gonzales P, Ramirez-Cardich ME, Namwongprom S, Chodacki P, de Mendonca LM, Wang F, Lama JR, Chariyalertsak S, Guanira JV, Buchbinder S, Bekker LG, Schechter M, Veloso VG, Grant RM. Effects of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir on Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Negative Persons in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015. PMID: 25908682


  30. Schwarz JM, Noworolski SM, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Prior JL, Weinberg ME, Herraiz LA, Tai VW, Bergeron N, Bersot TP, Rao MN, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2015. PMID: 25825943


  31. Rao MN, Neylan TC, Grunfeld C, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Schwarz JM. Subchronic sleep restriction causes tissue-specific insulin resistance. Volume 100 of Issue 4. 2015. PMID: 25658017


  32. Rabl C, Rao MN, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Campos GM. Thermogenic changes after gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding or diet alone. Surgery 2014. PMID: 25239323


  33. Rubinstein ML, Harris DR, Rudy BJ, Kapogiannis BG, Aldrovandi GM, Mulligan K. Exploration of the Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Metabolic Measures in Young People Living with HIV. AIDS research and treatment 2014. PMID: 25114801


  34. Solomon MM, Lama JR, Glidden DV, Mulligan K, McMahan V, Liu AY, Guanira JV, Veloso VG, Mayer KH, Chariyalertsak S, Schechter M, Bekker LG, Kallás EG, Burns DN, Grant RM. Changes in renal function associated with oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. AIDS (London, England) 2014. PMID: 24499951


  35. Havens PL, Hazra R, Stephensen CB, Kiser JJ, Flynn PM, Wilson CM, Rutledge B, Bethel J, Pan CG, Woodhouse LR, Van Loan MD, Liu N, Lujan-Zilbermann J, Baker A, Kapogiannis BG, Gordon CM, Mulligan K. Vitamin D3 supplementation increases fibroblast growth factor-23 in HIV-infected youths treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Antiviral therapy 2014. PMID: 24535626


  36. Porter TR, Li X, Stephensen CB, Mulligan K, Rutledge B, Flynn PM, Lujan-Zilbermann J, Hazra R, Wilson CM, Havens PL, Tang J. Genetic associations with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in HIV-1-infected youth: fine-mapping for the GC/DBP gene that encodes the vitamin D-binding protein. Frontiers in genetics 2013. PMID: 24294218


  37. Kendler DL, Borges JL, Fielding RA, Itabashi A, Krueger D, Mulligan K, Camargos BM, Sabowitz B, Wu CH, Yu EW, Shepherd J. The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: Indications of Use and Reporting of DXA for Body Composition. Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry 2013. PMID: 24090645


  38. Petak S, Barbu CG, Yu EW, Fielding R, Mulligan K, Sabowitz B, Wu CH, Shepherd JA. The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: body composition analysis reporting. Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry 2013. PMID: 24183640


  39. Khanijow K, Unemori P, Leslie KS, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Maurer T. Cutis Verticis Gyrata in Men Affected by HIV-Related Lipodystrophy. Dermatology research and practice 2013. PMID: 24159328


  40. Havens PL, Kiser JJ, Stephensen CB, Hazra R, Flynn PM, Wilson CM, Rutledge B, Bethel J, Pan CG, Woodhouse LR, Van Loan MD, Liu N, Lujan-Zilbermann J, Baker A, Kapogiannis BG, Gordon CM, Mulligan K. Association of higher plasma vitamin D binding protein and lower free calcitriol levels with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use and plasma and intracellular tenofovir pharmacokinetics: cause of a functional vitamin D deficiency? Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2013. PMID: 24002093


  41. Campos GM, Rabl C, Havel PJ, Rao M, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Changes in post-prandial glucose and pancreatic hormones, and steady-state insulin and free fatty acids after gastric bypass surgery. Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery 2013. PMID: 24209879


  42. Havens PL, Mulligan K, Hazra R, Flynn P, Rutledge B, Van Loan MD, Lujan-Zilbermann J, Kapogiannis BG, Wilson CM, Stephensen CB. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2012. PMID: 22933542


  43. Rao MN, Schambelan M, Tai VW, Abrams DI, Khatami H, Havel PJ, Sakkas G, Mulligan K. Assessing the Association between Leptin and Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected Men. AIDS research and treatment 2012. PMID: 22966425


  44. Mulligan K, Harris DR, Emmanuel P, Fielding RA, Worrell C, Kapogiannis BG, Monte D, Sleasman J, Wilson CM, Aldrovandi GM. Low bone mass in behaviorally HIV-infected young men on antiretroviral therapy: Adolescent Trials Network Study 021B. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2012. PMID: 22573848


  45. Lindsey JC, Jacobson DL, Li H, Houseman EA, Aldrovandi GM, Mulligan K. Using cluster heat maps to investigate relationships between body composition and laboratory measurements in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and young adults. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2012. PMID: 22083069


  46. Havens PL, Stephensen CB, Hazra R, Flynn PM, Wilson CM, Rutledge B, Bethel J, Pan CG, Woodhouse LR, Van Loan MD, Liu N, Lujan-Zilbermann J, Baker A, Kapogiannis BG, Mulligan K. Vitamin D3 decreases parathyroid hormone in HIV-infected youth being treated with tenofovir: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2012. PMID: 22267714


  47. Wilson JP, Mulligan K, Fan B, Sherman JL, Murphy EJ, Tai VW, Powers CL, Marquez L, Ruiz-Barros V, Shepherd JA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based body volume measurement for 4-compartment body composition. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2011. PMID: 22134952


  49. Liu AY, Vittinghoff E, Sellmeyer DE, Irvin R, Mulligan K, Mayer K, Thompson M, Grant R, Pathak S, O'Hara B, Gvetadze R, Chillag K, Grohskopf L, Buchbinder SP. Bone mineral density in HIV-negative men participating in a tenofovir pre-exposure prophylaxis randomized clinical trial in San Francisco. PloS one 2011. PMID: 21897852


  50. Masharani UB, Maddux BA, Li X, Sakkas GK, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Goldfine ID, Youngren JF. Insulin resistance in non-obese subjects is associated with activation of the JNK pathway and impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. PloS one 2011. PMID: 21589939


  51. Weinberg ME, Roman MC, Jacob P, Wen M, Cheung P, Walker UA, Mulligan K, Schambelan M. Enhanced uridine bioavailability following administration of a triacetyluridine-rich nutritional supplement. PloS one 2011. PMID: 21379380


  52. Choi AI, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schnell A, Kalapus SC, Li Y, Hunt PW, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Hsue PY. Association of vitamin D insufficiency with carotid intima-media thickness in HIV-infected persons. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2011. PMID: 21273298


  53. Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu AY, Vargas L, Goicochea P, Casapía M, Guanira-Carranza JV, Ramirez-Cardich ME, Montoya-Herrera O, Fernández T, Veloso VG, Buchbinder SP, Chariyalertsak S, Schechter M, Bekker LG, Mayer KH, Kallás EG, Amico KR, Mulligan K, Bushman LR, Hance RJ, Ganoza C, Defechereux P, Postle B, Wang F, McConnell JJ, Zheng JH, Lee J, Rooney JF, Jaffe HS, Martinez AI, Burns DN, Glidden DV. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. The New England journal of medicine 2010. PMID: 21091279


  54. Taylor SA, Lee GA, Pao VY, Anthonypillai J, Aweeka FT, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Boosting dose ritonavir does not alter peripheral insulin sensitivity in healthy HIV-seronegative volunteers. Volume 55 of Issue 3. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2010. PMID: 20595906


  55. Rao MN, Mulligan K, Tai V, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Weinberg M, Li X, Lang T, Grunfeld C, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M. Effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF-binding protein-3 treatment on glucose metabolism and fat distribution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Volume 95 of Issue 9. 2010. PMID: 20610601


  56. Jacobson DL, Lindsey JC, Gordon CM, Moye J, Hardin DS, Mulligan K, Aldrovandi GM. Total body and spinal bone mineral density across Tanner stage in perinatally HIV-infected and uninfected children and youth in PACTG 1045. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 20168204


  57. Pao VY, Lee GA, Taylor S, Aweeka FT, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. The protease inhibitor combination lopinavir/ritonavir does not decrease insulin secretion in healthy, HIV-seronegative volunteers. Volume 24 of Issue 2. AIDS (London, England) 2010. PMID: 19890203


  58. Raboud JM, Diong C, Carr A, Grinspoon S, Mulligan K, Sutinen J, Rozenbaum W, Cavalcanti RB, Wand H, Costagliola D, Walmsley S. A meta-analysis of six placebo-controlled trials of thiazolidinedione therapy for HIV lipoatrophy. HIV clinical trials 2010. PMID: 20400410


  59. Mulligan K, Harris DR, Monte D, Stoszek S, Emmanuel P, Hardin DS, Kapogiannis BG, Worrell C, Meyer WA, Sleasman J, Wilson CM, Aldrovandi GM. Obesity and dyslipidemia in behaviorally HIV-infected young women: Adolescent Trials Network study 021. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2010. PMID: 19947855


  60. Sakkas GK, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Can the use of creatine supplementation attenuate muscle loss in cachexia and wasting? Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care 2009. PMID: 19741514


  61. Campos GM, Rabl C, Peeva S, Ciovica R, Rao M, Schwarz JM, Havel P, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. Improvement in peripheral glucose uptake after gastric bypass surgery is observed only after substantial weight loss has occurred and correlates with the magnitude of weight lost. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract 2009. PMID: 19838759


  62. Lee GA, Schwarz JM, Patzek S, Kim S, Dyachenko A, Wen M, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. The acute effects of HIV protease inhibitors on insulin suppression of glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men. Volume 52 of Issue 2. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2009. PMID: 19680131


  63. Aldrovandi GM, Lindsey JC, Jacobson DL, Zadzilka A, Sheeran E, Moye J, Borum P, Meyer WA, Hardin DS, Mulligan K. Morphologic and metabolic abnormalities in vertically HIV-infected children and youth. AIDS (London, England) 2009. PMID: 19279441


  64. Sakkas GK, Mulligan K, Dasilva M, Doyle JW, Khatami H, Schleich T, Kent-Braun JA, Schambelan M. Creatine fails to augment the benefits from resistance training in patients with HIV infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PloS one 2009. PMID: 19242554


  65. Mulligan K, Khatami H, Schwarz JM, Sakkas GK, DePaoli AM, Tai VW, Wen MJ, Lee GA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. The effects of recombinant human leptin on visceral fat, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipoatrophy and hypoleptinemia. Volume 94 of Issue 4. 2009. PMID: 19174500


  66. Sattler FR, Rajicic N, Mulligan K, Yarasheski KE, Koletar SL, Zolopa A, Alston Smith B, Zackin R, Bistrian B. Evaluation of high-protein supplementation in weight-stable HIV-positive subjects with a history of weight loss: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2008. PMID: 18996868


  67. Campos GM, Rabl C, Mulligan K, Posselt A, Rogers SJ, Westphalen AC, Lin F, Vittinghoff E. Factors associated with weight loss after gastric bypass. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 2008. PMID: 18794426


  68. Ranade K, Geese WJ, Noor M, Flint O, Tebas P, Mulligan K, Powderly W, Grinspoon SK, Dube MP. Genetic analysis implicates resistin in HIV lipodystrophy. AIDS (London, England) 2008. PMID: 18670214


  69. Sobieszczyk ME, Hoover DR, Anastos K, Mulligan K, Tan T, Shi Q, Gao W, Hyman C, Cohen MH, Cole SR, Plankey MW, Levine AM, Justman J. Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2008. PMID: 18545157


  70. Grunfeld C, Kotler DP, Arnett DK, Falutz JM, Haffner SM, Hruz P, Masur H, Meigs JB, Mulligan K, Reiss P, Samaras K. Contribution of metabolic and anthropometric abnormalities to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Volume 118 of Issue 2. Circulation 2008. PMID: 18566314


  71. Hulgan T, Tebas P, Canter JA, Mulligan K, Haas DW, Dubé M, Grinspoon S, Robbins GK, Motsinger AA, Kallianpur AR. Hemochromatosis gene polymorphisms, mitochondrial haplogroups, and peripheral lipoatrophy during antiretroviral therapy. The Journal of infectious diseases 2008. PMID: 18419350


  72. Lee GA, Rao M, Mulligan K, Lo JC, Aweeka F, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Effects of ritonavir and amprenavir on insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers. Volume 21 of Issue 16. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 18090045


  73. Dubé MP, Komarow L, Mulligan K, Grinspoon SK, Parker RA, Robbins GK, Roubenoff R, Tebas P. Long-term body fat outcomes in antiretroviral-naive participants randomized to nelfinavir or efavirenz or both plus dual nucleosides. Dual X-ray absorptiometry results from A5005s, a substudy of Adult Clinical Trials Group 384. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2007. PMID: 17589373


  74. Li X, Youngren JF, Hyun B, Sakkas GK, Mulligan K, Majumdar S, Masharani UB, Schambelan M, Goldfine ID. Technical evaluation of in vivo abdominal fat and IMCL quantification using MRI and MRSI at 3 T. Magnetic resonance imaging 2007. PMID: 17683890


  75. Dubé MP, Parker RA, Mulligan K, Tebas P, Robbins GK, Roubenoff R, Grinspoon SK. Effects of potent antiretroviral therapy on free testosterone levels and fat-free mass in men in a prospective, randomized trial: A5005s, a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 384. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2007. PMID: 17554712


  76. Mulligan K, Yang Y, Wininger DA, Koletar SL, Parker RA, Alston-Smith BL, Schouten JT, Fielding RA, Basar MT, Grinspoon S. Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone in HIV-infected patients with hyperinsulinemia and elevated waist/hip ratio. AIDS (London, England) 2007. PMID: 17148967


  77. Anastos K, Lu D, Shi O, Mulligan K, Tien PC, Freeman R, Cohen MH, Justman J, Hessol NA. The association of bone mineral density with HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment in women. Antiviral therapy 2007. PMID: 18018763


  78. Brown CT, Yap T, Cromwell DA, Rixon L, Steed L, Mulligan K, Mundy A, Newman SP, van der Meulen J, Emberton M. Self management for men with lower urinary tract symptoms: randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2006. PMID: 17118949


  79. Mulligan K, Zackin R, Von Roenn JH, Chesney MA, Egorin MJ, Sattler FR, Benson CA, Liu T, Umbleja T, Shriver S, Auchus RJ, Schambelan M. Testosterone supplementation of megestrol therapy does not enhance lean tissue accrual in men with human immunodeficiency virus-associated weight loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006. PMID: 17090640


  80. Wohl DA, McComsey G, Tebas P, Brown TT, Glesby MJ, Reeds D, Shikuma C, Mulligan K, Dube M, Wininger D, Huang J, Revuelta M, Currier J, Swindells S, Fichtenbaum C, Basar M, Tungsiripat M, Meyer W, Weihe J, Wanke C. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of metabolic complications of HIV infection and its therapy. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2006. PMID: 16886161


  81. Lee GA, Lo JC, Aweeka F, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Single-dose lopinavir-ritonavir acutely inhibits insulin-mediated glucose disposal in healthy volunteers. Volume 43 of Issue 5. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2006. PMID: 16886163


  82. Mulligan K, Parker RA, Komarow L, Grinspoon SK, Tebas P, Robbins GK, Roubenoff R, Dubé MP. Mixed patterns of changes in central and peripheral fat following initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a randomized trial. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2006. PMID: 16652032


  83. Dubé MP, Parker RA, Tebas P, Grinspoon SK, Zackin RA, Robbins GK, Roubenoff R, Shafer RW, Wininger DA, Meyer WA, Snyder SW, Mulligan K. Glucose metabolism, lipid, and body fat changes in antiretroviral-naive subjects randomized to nelfinavir or efavirenz plus dual nucleosides. AIDS (London, England) 2005. PMID: 16227788


  84. Lo JC, Kazemi MR, Hsue PY, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Schambelan M, Mulligan K. The relationship between nucleoside analogue treatment duration, insulin resistance, and fasting arterialized lactate level in patients with HIV infection. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2005. PMID: 16206112


  85. Danoff A, Shi Q, Justman J, Mulligan K, Hessol N, Robison E, Lu D, Williams T, Wichienkuer P, Anastos K. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are unaffected by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy in overweight women. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2005. PMID: 15851914


  86. Mulligan K, Zackin R, Clark RA, Alston-Smith B, Liu T, Sattler FR, Delvers TB, Currier JS. Effect of nandrolone decanoate therapy on weight and lean body mass in HIV-infected women with weight loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Archives of internal medicine 2005. PMID: 15767536


  87. Mulligan K, Anastos K, Justman J, Freeman R, Wichienkuer P, Robison E, Hessol NA. Fat distribution in HIV-infected women in the United States: DEXA substudy in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2005. PMID: 15608519


  88. Dubé MP, Kitch DW, Parker RA, Alston-Smith BL, Mulligan K. The effect of long-term storage on measured plasma lactate concentrations and prospective lactate results from a multicenter trial of antiretroviral therapy. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2005. PMID: 16176175


  89. Shikuma CM, Zackin R, Sattler F, Mildvan D, Nyangweso P, Alston B, Evans S, Mulligan K. Changes in weight and lean body mass during highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2004. PMID: 15486848


  90. Schwarz JM, Lee GA, Park S, Noor MA, Lee J, Wen M, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Indinavir increases glucose production in healthy HIV-negative men. Volume 18 of Issue 13. AIDS (London, England) 2004. PMID: 15316349


  91. Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA, Lee GA, Schwarz JM, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. The effects of low-dose growth hormone in HIV-infected men with fat accumulation: a pilot study. Volume 39 of Issue 5. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2004. PMID: 15356790


  92. Lee GA, Mafong DD, Noor MA, Lo JC, Mulligan K, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. HIV protease inhibitors increase adiponectin levels in HIV-negative men. Volume 36 of Issue 1. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2004. PMID: 15097312


  93. Lee GA, Seneviratne T, Noor MA, Lo JC, Schwarz JM, Aweeka FT, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. The metabolic effects of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-negative men. Volume 18 of Issue 4. AIDS (London, England) 2004. PMID: 15090769


  94. Abrams DI, Hilton JF, Leiser RJ, Shade SB, Elbeik TA, Aweeka FT, Benowitz NL, Bredt BM, Kosel B, Aberg JA, Deeks SG, Mitchell TF, Mulligan K, Bacchetti P, McCune JM, Schambelan M. Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Annals of internal medicine 2003. PMID: 12965981


  95. Mulligan K. Metabolic abnormalities in patients with HIV infection. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002) 2003. PMID: 12961760


  96. Grinspoon S, Mulligan K. Weight loss and wasting in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2003. PMID: 12652374


  97. Mulligan K, Schambelan M. Anabolic treatment with GH, IGF-I, or anabolic steroids in patients with HIV-associated wasting. International journal of cardiology 2002. PMID: 12163220


  98. Napolitano LA, Lo JC, Gotway MB, Mulligan K, Barbour JD, Schmidt D, Grant RM, Halvorsen RA, Schambelan M, McCune JM. Increased thymic mass and circulating naive CD4 T cells in HIV-1-infected adults treated with growth hormone. AIDS (London, England) 2002. PMID: 12004268


  99. Noor MA, Seneviratne T, Aweeka FT, Lo JC, Schwarz JM, Mulligan K, Schambelan M, Grunfeld C. Indinavir acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. AIDS (London, England) 2002. PMID: 11964551


  100. Clark RA, Mulligan K, Stamenovic E, Chang B, Watts H, Andersen J, Squires K, Benson C. Frequency of anovulation and early menopause among women enrolled in selected adult AIDS clinical trials group studies. The Journal of infectious diseases 2001. PMID: 11679923